Method of constructing cylindrical containers



Jan. 8, 1952 O. RASOR 7 METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING CYLINDRICAL CONTAINERS Filed May 18, 1948 2 SHEETS-SI-IEET 1 mmvrox OrvaZ R05 or 2 Hi Z'y.

Jan. 8, 1952 RASQR METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING CYLINDRICAL CONTAINERS 2 SHEETS-SHEET Filed May 18, 1948 E5 M m V r O Patented Jan. 8, 1 952 STATES PATENT OFF-1C1:

METHOD OF 'CONSTRUCTING CYLINDRICAL CONTAINERS Orval Rason'Portland, Oreg.

Application'May 18, 1948, Seriai No. 2 73735 7 Claims. (01. 144-209) invention pertains to cylindrical tubings, and relates particularly to a novel method of "making helicallycross-wound cylindrical tubings multi ply wood veneer from a single sheet of material.

:In the manufacture of cylindrical containers dubings .fromthin wood veneers, it is recogmixed that v:greater strength and resistance to impactobtains in structures embodying the heliml mossewound construction, as compared with itheventicaleand-horizontal wound construction. In the dormer, the :grain :of, the wood extends in n :dinection obliquely to -;the circumferential and longitudinal dimensions of the cylinder and the grain in one layer of the multi-ply construction isaorossed with respect to thegrainin an adjacent inztheiatter construction, the grain of the iwocdin one ply-extends parallel with thecircumiiemntial dimension .of the cylinder, and the grain inzthe adjacent ply=extendsparallel with the lonsitndinal dimension-of the cylinder.

The ;stresses impressed fromany angle .upona tcylindricalyobiect produces either an elongation at! the cylinder '01 a reduction, in the circumfercame Itherecf or zbothr That is, the stresses are in directions parallel with the longienema! and circumferential dimensions of the cylinder; :Since fibrous material has substantial ionlyin the direction of its grain, it is .evidex'itthatthe plies of a vertical-and-horizontal type -c'onstruction will resist only those forces impressed the direction of their grain, and no Fhelp :is obtained from .the adjacent ply because the'iqiceis 'impr'essednormal to the direction of the-igrein,.:in which direction the wood has but i-ittle resistive strength; With the helical :crosswound construction, on the other hand, a force exerted in the direction either of the circumfer- .ent ial-vor of the longitudinal dimension of the cylinder will be impressed upon the fibers of each ,;-p1y atan angle obliquely to the direction of said flbers. Both thevertical :and horizontal compomentscf force thus impressed upon the fibers are --.eapeble of resistance in all of the plies, with a icomseqnent increase in strength of the cylinder. Lighter material may thus be used, reducing the cost of construction and subsequent freight changes. I V

It has heretofore been the practice in constnucting cylindrical containers and tubings of wood-veneer to first wrap one strip of veneer heliicafly about .a long mandrel and then to wind a second-strip diagonally across andover the first, the two -plies together with an; adhesive. plies were provided-as desired but time had to be allowed for each previous adhesive layer to set. The ,long tube thus prepared was later cut to desired lengths. Such procedure is inherently time -.c.onsumi-ng and production cost increases while ;the.-mandrel.-and laborers remain idle during the setting of the (adhesive.

it is a principal object-of my invention to provide a method of ma-king.helicallycross-wound tubings of multi-ply veneer afrom a single .strip of imaterialjcomprising a series of rectangular eectionsof wood .veneer. v

Another object :is toprovide .a method-of making a single-strip-of wood veneercomprisingalternate sections of oppositely tdisposed grain extendingobliquely to the dimensions-of said strip from which helically cross-wound ,tubings may be constructed. e g v A further object is to provide .in :the manufacture of :cylindri'calicontainers the metl iod of cut ting veneer. steck ;to fomn rectangular sections container.

A further object is vto :providein the manufacture of cylindrical containers the method of cutting veneer stock to form r-rectangular sections having grain extending obliquely to the dimensions of said section, which cutting is-characterized bysubstantially no loss by scrapping of the source material.

.said sections beingsubstantially equal-to the circumference, or .an odd fractionoriwhole:multiple of. the circumference, of said tubing, and the dimension ,;perpendicular to said first named dimensionbeingqnal tothelength :of said tubing.

These and other objects andadvantagesof my inventionwill appear from .the ,following detailed description taken :inrconnection withaccornpanying drawing, in which: g I r i Fig. 1.11s a plan viewshowing the manner in which sections Qt veneer are cut :from a sheet I -of veneer .stockas itrcomesitrom a peeling lathe,

iorthepurposesofmy invention;

, Fig; 2 is a ,plan vi ew illustrating the manner in which the sectionshownin-Eig. .1 is rearranged to form a. rectangular section with .the grain extending obliquely thereof;

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary perspective view showing the sections of Fig. 2 assembled into a strip for forming the container or tubing of my invention;

Fig. 4 is a perspective view, partly in section, of a section of completed tubing embodying my invention;

Fig. 5 is a perspective viewof a modification of my invention, showing two .of the sections illustrated in Fig. 2 glued together in superimposed relation, the upper section being broken away to show the crossed grain arrangement;

Fig. 6 is a perspective view similar to Fig. 5 showing the diagonal line disposed at random positions across each ply;

Fig. 7 is a perspective view of a strip comprising a multiplicity of sections shown in Fig. 5, intermediate sections being indicated by dotted lines; and a Fig. 8 is a perspective view, partly in section, showing a completed tubing formed of the section illustrated in Fig. 5. a

Referring particularly to Figs. 2 and 3 of the drawing, the single strip -of wood veneer ultimately to be wrapped circumferentially into the form of tubing shown in Fig. 4 comprises a series of rectangular sections joined end to end. The grainin each section extends obliquely, preferably at an angle of 45, to the dimensions of said plies extends crosswise of each other; thereby forming the cross helix construction desired.

Referring now to Fig. 1 '-of the drawing, the

parallel dotted lines I represent the lateral edges of a strip of thin wood veneer cut from a peeler log or other source by methods well known in the art. In peeler operation, for example, the grain 2 of the wood extends transversely of the longitudinal dimension of said strip, as shown in the drawing.

In the commercial utilization of wood veneer for purposes of my invention, it is important to reducescrapping' loss to a minimum. Rectangular sections having obliquely disposed grain may be out directly from the peeler strip, but excessive scrapping results. In order to obtain sections of the desired rectangular shape and still avoid excessive loss of source veneer, I cut the veneer strip obliquely, preferably at an angle of 45", across the lateral dimension thereof, as

shown in Fig. l. A series of these cuts along the length of said strip produces sections of parallelogram shape having the grain thereof extending across the sections parallel with the oblique lateral sides 3 and 4 and at an oblique angle to the'longitudinal sides 5 and 6. The parallelogram section is then cut along a perpendicular line 1 extending between the longitudinal sides 5 and 6. The severed parts are then rearranged, with the lateral sides 3 and 4 glued in abutting relationship, as shownin Fig. 2, to form the rectangular section desired.

It is to be noted that the sum of the lengths of the sides 5 and 6 corresponds to the longitudi- As will be shown hereinafter, the longitudinal dimension of the rectangular section may also be 4 an odd fraction or a whole multiple of the circumference of the tubing. The dimension along the perpendicular severance line I, which forms the ends of the rectangular section, is equal to the length of said tubing. It is apparent that the formation of rectangular sections of a given dimension utilizes considerably less source material by the parallelogram method described above than would the method of cutting the rectanguiar sections directly from the sh'efdf veneer. With this latter method, not only must the width of the sheet be wider to accommodate the rectangular section, but scraps are produced at each end of said sections.

' sections comprising the strip In the manufacture of cylindrical containers and tubings it is commercially advantageous to utilize veneers of standard dimension. Peeler veneers of present production are generally of 96 inch width. In order to reduce scrapping to a minimum, it is likewise desirable to select a diameter for the tubing to be made which -will most efilciently utilize the sections cut from the standard veneers. Thus, for example, -with' the lateral dimension of the veneer stockbeing'of standard 96 inches, measured "perpendicularly between lines I in Fig. l of the drawings-,athe sum of the lengths of the longitudinal sides-5 and 6, when out at an angle of 45, is approximately inches. A tube 21 inches in diameter-may be formed by a double'wrapping of this-length of section, with about 3 inches remaining for a scarf joint, if desired. The parallelogram'section' may if desired be cut in two equal pieces having lengths substantially equal to the circumference of said 21 inch tubing.

It may sometimes be found desirable or advantageous to provide sections of lon-gerlength than 135- inches. In this case two or more of theparallelogram sections may be joined along their oblique lateral sides 3 and 4 and a perpendicular cut I made at any location acrossthe'long'itudin'al sides 5 and 6 to form a rectangular section of desired length. Similarly, rectangu1ar sections of lengths shorter than the circumference of the tubing may be utilized. Thus, a tubing 64 inches in diameter requires one and one-half of the 135 inch strips obtained from the standard veneer stock. The strips may be cut in two, forming two parallelograms of 67.5" length, and rectangular sections of similar length are preparedtherefrom. Three of these sections joined endtoend are substantially equal to the circumferenceef the tubing. With alternate sections 'inverix'ad': to present grain extending crosswise of the grain in adjacent sections, the'fourth section, whicheverlies the first section, will have its grain crosswise of the grain in the first section, 'asis required-in the formation of the'cross helix wind. It is apparent, therefore, that-sections shorter than-the circumference of the tubing must have lengths equal to odd fractions of the circumference in'order to achieve the cross helix construction. Wit'h lengths equal to even fractions'of the tubing circumference, overlying sections will have gra'in extending in the same direction-, ratherthan crossed in the manner desired.

Whatever length of rectangular section is chosen, it is recommended that the severance line The made'at random positions through the various parallelogram sections" comprising the strip in order-to avoid crossin'gof thediag onal joint in adjacent plies of rectangula'r s'ect The parts comprising each section are g'lu d v gether along their abutting'edgesi The sevral 'to be'formed f then assembled .endto end with'altern'ate sections inverted to present oppositely disposed grain in adjacent sectionsv and .glued in place. Scarf joints, tongue andegroove connections, or other forms of connectionsmay be employed, as desired.

Having assembled and united the '.=sections comprising the strip illustrated in Fig. 3, with alternate sections reversed to present oppositely directed grain-structures in adjacentsections, one end of said strip is secured on a .rotary :mandrel, glue is applied to one side :of the-strip :and'the latter is wrapped circumferentially to form the helically cross wound tubing structure illustrated in Fig. 4. The tubing thus formed may be used for many purposes without further change. Cyclindrica'l containers may be formedwith said tubing by securing a bottom section therein and providing a'cover, by conventional methods well known in the art.

By employing the method 'hereinabove described, selected species of wood veneersmaybe placed at desired locations along the prepared strip in order to provide liners or external coverings of particular Woods. For example, 'a-'section of hardwood may be provided at the end of said strip in order that a tubing subsequent: ly formed therefrom will have a surface or an inner liner of hardwood, depending upon which end of the strip is first'turned upon the winding mandrel.

In winding the composite strip of wood veneer upon a rotating mandrel tension should be exerted upon the strip sufficiently to maintain the latter in taut or slightly stretched condition. This is desirable in .order that the initial convolution be wrapped-closely about the mandrel and the succeeding turns closely overlie each other. It has been observed, particularly in cases where very thin veeneers are used that the strength of the strip maybe insuincient to sustain 'thedesired tension. In :such cases the strip becomes stretched and distorted -to excessive-degrees and, in some instances, the Wood fibers separate completely, forming large open spaces 'or causing the strip to break. I-overcome this difiiculty by forming a composite strip .of;multip1y veneers, as illustrated in the modification shown in Figs. 54%, inclusive. .In thisconstruction two or more of the preformed rectangular sections shown in Fig. 2 are glued togetherin faceto face relation. Alternate sections are inverted so that the grain in adjacent plies is disposed crosswise of each other, as is best shown in Figs. 5 and 6. In'this manner the stresses tending to-separatethe fibers in one ply are resisted by the normally disposed fibers in the adjacent ply. Suc'hconstruction permits the application of "considerable tension on the composite strip without noticeable distortion, splitting, or other'adverse effects resulting therefrom.

It is preferred to glue the tight sides of the veneers together to form the multi-ply sections. With the tight sides glued together the subsequent bending of the section exerts its "greatest force on the glue line and the adjacent tight sides of the veneers. The inner loose side tends to close as the bond is made while :the outer loose side stretches about the circumference :of the tubing being formed. If :the loose sides of the veneers are glued together, the subsequent bending is resisted by the inner tight side which is less capable of contraction'than is the loose side. This resistance may be ofsufflcient magnitude to cause :the :outer tight {side :to be stretched excessi-vel-y thereby to crack and check during the :formation of the tubing.

The multi-ply sections may be lued end to end to form a compositezstrip :asiindicated in Fig. alternate sections being inverted to present oppositely disposed grain .in adjacent sections, as previously explained. Alternatively, but one 'multi ply section :may be turned about a manidrel and gluedat Ethe adjoining ends to form a -.cylindrical tubing, as is illustrated in Fig. 18 of the drawings.

it has been recommended herein'before that the severance line I be made at random positions through the various parallelogram sec- :tions in order -to avoid exact intersection of the diagonal joint in adjacent plies. Such is also preferred in the preparation of multi-ply sections whenever practicable. In Fig.6 the length of the section is not suiiicient to prevent overlapping of the diagonal joint in the superimposed layers, but the random cutting does prevent accumulation-of said joints in one location in the case Where several sections 'coinprising'an elongated strip are wrapped circumferentially to form a thick wall tubing. I

Although the "individual 'multiply sections shown in Figs. 5-8 are formed with both plies lying within the marginal confines of each other, it is contemplated that the jplies may be shifted longitudinally of each other to provide a step joint at each end. An overlapping joint is thus provided by which the ends of the section are-more positively connected. Where more than two rectangular sections comprise a multiply section, alternate layers may be so shifted to provide offset joints by which the ends may be interconnected.

Iclaim:

l. The method of making tubings comprising, cutting sheets of wood veneer obliquely across the width thereof at predetermined intervals along .its length to form sections .of rhomboid shape having a perpendicular width between lon itudinal sides equal to the length of said tubing, cutting the rhomboid sections through .said perpendicular width, forming rectangular sections having the-grain disposed obliquely to the sides of said sections by rearranging the pieces cut from said rhomboid, arranging and uniting said rectangular sections in abutting relationship along the edges representing the longitudinal dimensions of said tubing with the grain in adjacent sections being disposed crosswise of each other, and wrapping the strip of united rectangular sections circumferentially to form tubing. I

2. The method of making helically cross-wound tubings of multieply wood veneer comprising,

cutting sheets of wood. veneer at-an angle of 45 across the width thereof at predetermined intervals along its length :to form sections-of paral- .lelogram shape having a perpendicular width between longitudinalsides equal to the 'lengthof said tubing, the longitudinal dimensionof said sectionswbeing substantially equal *to'the circumference of said tubing times an odd fraction or whole integer, cutting the parallelogram sections through said perpendicular width, rearranging and uniting the oblique ends of .the cut-parallelo'- grain in adjacent sections being disposed crosswise of each other, and wrapping the strip of united rectangular sections circumferentially to form a multi-ply tubing.

3. The method of making helically cross-wound tubings of multi-ply wood veneer comprising, cutting sheets of wood veneer obliquely across the width thereof at predetermined intervals along its length to form sections of parallelogram shape having a perpendicular width between longitudinal sides equal to the length of said tubing, uniting parallelogram sections along their oblique lateral sides to form composite parallelogram sections, cutting the parallelogram sections through said perpendicular width, rearranging and uniting the oblique ends of the cut parallelogram sections to form rectangular sections of wood veneer having the grain disposed obliquely to the sides of said section, arranging and uniting said rectangular sections in abutting relationship along the edges representing the longitudinal dimension of said tubing with the grain in adjacent sections being disposed crosswise of each other, each of said rectangular sections being of such predetermined length that overlying sections in the multi ply tubing subsequently formed present grain crosswise of each other, and wrapping the strip of united rectangular sections circumferentially to form a multi-ply tubing.

4. The method of making helically cross-wound tubings of multi-ply wood veneer comprising, cutting sheets of wood veneer obliquely across the width thereof at predetermined intervals along its length to form sections of parallelogram shape having a perpendicular width between longitudinal sides equal to the length of said tubing, the longitudinal dimension of said sections being substantially equal to the circumference of said tubing, cutting the parallelogram sections through said perpendicular Width, rearranging.

and uniting the oblique ends of the cut parallelogram sections to form rectangular sections of wood veneer having the grain disposed obliquely to the sides of said sections, one of the dimensions of said rectangular sections being substantially equal to the circumference of the tubing,

the other dimension of said sections being equal to the length of said tubing, arranging and uniting said rectangular sections in abutting relationship along the edges representing the longitudinal dimension of said tubing with the grain in adjacent sections being disposed crosswise of each other, and wrapping the strip of united rectangular sections circumferentially to form a mutli-ply tubing.

; In the manufacture of cylindrical .con-

tainers, the method of making helically crosswound tubings of multi-ply wood veneer, comprising, cutting sheets of selected species of wood veneer obliquely across the width thereof at predetermined intervals along. its length to form sections of parallelogram shape having a perpendicular width between longitudinal sides equal to the length of said tubing, cutting the parallelogram sections through said perpendicular width,

rearranging and uniting the oblique ends of the ill tions in the tubing, each of said rectangular sections being of such predetermined length that overlying sections in the m'ulti-ply tubing subsequently formed present grain crosswise of each other, and wrapping the strip of united rectangular sections circumferentially to form a multiply tubing having selected species of wood veneers arranged in desired locations.

6. The method of making helically cross-wound tubings of multi-ply wood veneer comprising, cutting sheets of wood veneer obliquely across the width thereof at predetermined intervals along its length to form sections of parallelogram shape having a perpendicular width between longitudinal sides equal to the length of said tubing, the longitudinal dimension of said sections being substantially equal to the circumference of said tubings times an odd fraction or whole integer, cutting the parallelogram sections through said perpendicular width, rearranging and uniting the oblique ends of the cut parallelogram section to form rectangular sections of wood veneer having the grain disposed obliquely to the sides of said section, one of the dimensions of said rectangular section being substantially equal to the circumference of the tubing times an odd fraction or a whole integer, the other dimension of said section being equal to the length of said tubing, arranging and uniting at least one ply thicknesses of said rectangular sections in abutting relationship along the edges representing the longitudinal dimension of said tubing with the'grain in adjacent plies and sections being disposed crosswise of each other, and wrapping the strip of united rectangular section circumferentially to form a multi-ply tubing.

7. The method of making tubings comprising, cutting sheets of wood veneer obliquely across the width thereof at predetermined intervals along its length to form sections of parallelogram shape having a perpendicular width between longitudinal sides equal to the length of said tubings, cutting the parallelogram sections through said perpendicular width to form rectangular sections' having grain disposed obliquely to the sides of said sections, uniting a plurality of said rectangular sections in face to face relationship to form multi-ply rectangular sections therefrom with adjacent plies presenting grain crosswise of each other, arranging and uniting said multi-ply rectangular sections in abutting relationship along the edges representing the longitudinal dimension of said tubing with the grain in adjacent sections being disposed crosswise of each other, each of said rectangular sections being of such predetermined length that overlying sections in the multi-ply tubing subsequently formed present grain crosswise of each other, and wrapping the strip of united rectangular sections circumferentially to form a multi-ply tubing.

. ORVAL RASOR.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Great Britain Dec; 21, 1936 

